The Changing Landscape of Vocational Education in Croatia

The vocational education and training (VET) system in Croatia plays a pivotal role in shaping the country’s workforce, aligning education with labor market demands. Traditionally, vocational education has been a part of the formal education system, even extending into adult education. However, the landscape has seen a shift in the last 10-15 years, with private companies and individuals increasingly offering non-formal vocational programs. This change is driven by two main factors: companies seeking additional revenue streams and the need to address labor shortages, especially in sectors like IT.

In recent years, the formal education system in Croatia has struggled to keep up with the rapid pace of emerging skills and industries. As a result, the private sector has taken a proactive role in filling these gaps. For example, experienced professionals have begun offering training and mentoring in areas like programming, self-employment, and virtual assistance. These non-formal education programs, although not part of the traditional education system, have become crucial for acquiring practical skills quickly.

An interesting development within the Croatian VET system is the rise of specific, niche vocational programs that cater to growing professions. One example is the education of virtual assistants, a relatively new but in-demand job that offers flexibility and remote work opportunities. This type of program, led by experienced professionals, provides participants with the skills needed to enter the workforce and succeed in a digital environment. Similarly, basic programming courses offered by private IT companies focus on essential programming languages, allowing participants to gain foundational knowledge in a short time frame.

Another significant trend in the Croatian VET landscape is the focus on self-employment and entrepreneurship. With increasing interest from individuals wanting to start their own businesses, educational programs now offer practical guidance on creating business plans, securing funding, and managing small businesses. These programs often emphasize soft skills such as communication, teamwork, and problem-solving, which are essential for entrepreneurial success.

Moreover, the integration of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education, particularly computer literacy, has become a key component of many vocational programs. This is especially evident in fields like programming, where IT skills are a necessity, but even in areas like self-employment, where understanding digital tools and platforms is increasingly important.

Despite the growing popularity and necessity of these non-formal programs, one challenge remains: recognition. In Croatia, formal education with an official certification is still preferred by many, particularly for securing employment in traditional sectors. However, the IT industry is a notable exception, where non-formal education is widely accepted and valued by employers, providing a pathway into the workforce without the need for formal diplomas.